Operating systems (OS) serve as the backbone of a computer system. They manage hardware and software resources and provide essential services for computer programs. 

A process is a program in execution. The OS handles the creation, scheduling, and termination of these processes. It ensures that each process gets enough CPU time to function properly and that system resources are shared efficiently.

Here are the main functions of operating systems:

1. Process Management

  • Manages processes in a system (creating, scheduling, and terminating).

  • Handles multitasking by allocating CPU time to various programs.

  • Provides mechanisms for synchronization and communication between processes.

2. Memory Management

  • Allocates and deallocates memory to processes as needed.

  • Keeps track of each byte in a computer’s memory.

  • Ensures that different programs do not interfere with each other's memory.

3. File System Management

  • Organizes and manages data storage in files and directories.

  • Controls how data is stored, retrieved, named, and protected.

  • Manages access permissions and file operations (create, read, write, delete).

4. Device Management

  • Controls and manages I/O devices (keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.).

  • Uses device drivers to communicate with hardware.

  • Performs buffering, caching, and spooling to optimize device performance.

5. User Interface

  • Provides an interface for users to interact with the computer (CLI or GUI).

  • Enables input through commands or visual navigation.

6. Security and Access Control

  • Protects data and resources from unauthorized access.

  • Implements user authentication (passwords, biometrics, etc.).

  • Enforces access rights and encryption for sensitive information.

7. Job Scheduling

  • Determines the order in which processes are executed.

  • Balances load and optimizes system performance.

8. Error Detection and Handling

  • Detects and handles errors in hardware, software, or user operations.

  • Ensures smooth recovery and alerts users or logs issues.

9. Networking

  • Provides access to network resources.

  • Manages data transmission over local and wide area networks.

10. Resource Allocation

  • Coordinates and assigns system resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices to active processes efficiently.

These functions ensure the system operates smoothly, efficiently, and securely

VIDEO ON THE FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Last modified: Saturday, 17 May 2025, 9:46 PM